Microwave Communications

The project-based version of the course will cover many of the following subjects:
Review of electromagnetic theory (description of electromagnetic phenomena, Maxwell equations, boundary conditions, electromagnetic field power and energy, planar electromagnetic waves, propagation and attenuation of electromagnetic waves, polarization). Wired and wireless communications.
Transmission line theory. Transverse and sinusoidal time-varying waves in transmission lines. Characteristic impedance and complex resistance in transmission lines. Smith chart. Standing waves in transmission lines without losses. Propagation constant and speed in transmission lines. Load matching in transmission lines using λ/4 transformers, one or two short-circuited stubs, or non-uniform transmission lines. Non-periodic phenomena in transmission lines. Coupled transmission line analysis.
Wired transmission line types (two-wire or coaxial lines). Phase and amplitude distortion. Balanced and unbalanced lines. Phone network. Phase instability, cross-talk, impact noise, structured cabling.
Waveguiding. Guided waves and waveguide modes. Parallel-plate waveguide. Description of waves. Separation of variables method. TE, TM, TEM modes. Radial description of wave propagation. Propagation and waveguide losses.
Waveguides of rectangular cross section. Wave equation solution. Cutoff conditions. Boundary conditions. Field components in Cartesian coordinates. TM and TE modes. Excitation, characteristic resistance and attenuation of rectangular waveguide modes. Rectangular waveguide resonator.
Waveguides of circular cross section. Wave equation solution. Cutoff conditions. Boundary conditions. Field components in cylindrical coordinates. TM and TE modes. Excitation, characteristic resistance and attenuation of circular waveguide modes. Polarization. Circular waveguide resonator.
Coaxial waveguide. TEM, TM and TE modes.
Microstrip and stripline. Radial and field description of a dielectric layer waveguide. Dielectric layer and dielectric strip. Graded-index strips.
Uniform and non-uniform circular optical fiber.
Special types of waveguides. Propagation in lines of parallel conductors. Mode excitation.
Dielectric and magnetic materials. Electron motion in ferrites. Magnetization equation. Magnetic susceptibility tensor. Wave propagation in ferrites. Faraday rotation. Ferritic microwave elements. Gyrotron. Isolator. Circulator. YIG filter. Mixing materials with different ε, μ. Waveguiding in rectangular waveguides containing strips of material (ε, μ).
Non-linear waveguides and waveguides with discontinuities [propagation in a circular section of a rectangular waveguide, propagation in a rectangular waveguide with helical twist, cylindrical small poles with inductive or capacitive behavior in rectangular waveguides, probes]. Waveguide technical characteristics [metal waveguides, optical fibers, flanges, additional elements of waveguide structures, excitation, resonators, filters].
Analysis of microwave circuits [S-parameters, power, efficiency]. Description of signals in microwave circuits. Microwave multiport networks. Scattering matrices. Bidirectional and symmetrical multiport networks. Magic T coupler. Multiport networks without losses. Directional couplers. Power dividers. Other couplers. Methods of microwave network analysis.
Microwave resonant circuits. Microwave filters. Integrated microwave circuits [striplines, microstrips, slotlines, coplanar lines, hybrid MICs]. Passive microwave components [design of lumped resistors-capacitors-inductors, circuits with lumped loads]. Waveguide matching [waveguide resistance, measurement of line resistance at any point, load resistance computation].
Electron beam interaction with electromagnetic waves. High-power microwave sources [vacuum tubes, operating limits, klystron, magnetron, traveling-wave tube (TWT), gyrotron].
Low-power microwave sources. Semiconductor and solid-state devices [bipolar transistors, microwave transistors, field-effect transistors (FETs), semiconductor oscillators, oscillator modes with electron transfer effects]. Microwave mixing diodes. Tunnel diodes. Gunn diodes. IMPATT diodes. Masers.
Microwave communications [microwave circuits, terminal equipment, filters, terminal transceivers and repeaters].
Microwave applications [diagnostic and therapeutic medicine, industrial measurements, speed measurements, ovens and thermal devices].
Biological effects of microwaves [radiation limits, biological phenomena, dielectric properties of the human body, electromagnetic environment].
Millimeter wave communications and applications.